ABSTRACT
PURPOSE@#The increasing number of deaths due to road traffic accidents (RTAs) has attracted global attention. However, the influence of road types is rarely considered in the study of RTAs. This study evaluates the influence of different road types in RTAs in northern Guizhou to provide a basis for the formulation of evidence-based policies and measures.@*METHODS@#We obtained the data from the Zunyi Traffic Management Data Platform for the years 2009-2018. The mortality rates of RTAs were calculated. Descriptive methods and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the characteristics of road traffic collisions on different road types. We also examined the associations between the mortality rate per 10,000 vehicles and the growth of per capital gross domestic product (GDP) with Spearman's rank correlation analysis. According to the passing volume and the infrastructure, we defined different types of roads, like administrative road, functional road, general urban road and urban expressway.@*RESULTS@#In 2012, the traffic mortality rate of administrative roads was 8.9 per 100,000 people, and the mortality rate of functional roads was 7.4 per 100,000 people, which decreased in 2018 to 6.1 deaths per 100,000 people and 5.2 deaths per 100,000 people, respectively. The mortality rate per 10,000 vehicles reached the highest level in 2011 (28.8 per 10,000 vehicles and 22.5 per 10,000 vehicles on administrative and functional roads, respectively). The death rate of county roads was the highest among administrative roads (χ@*CONCLUSION@#Although our research shows that RTAs in northern Guizhou have steadily declined in recent years, the range of decline is relatively small. Many measures and sustainable efforts are needed to control road traffic death and accelerate the progress in road traffic safety in northern Guizhou.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveThe mechanism of paraquat poisoning (PQP) inducing acute lung injury is not clear. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2 )-antioxidant response element (ARE) is found to be a most important endogenous antioxidant defense pathway. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of 5- amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) against PQP-induced acute lung injury by activating the Nrf2-ARE pathway.MethodsEighty healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: blank control, 5-ASA control, PQP, and 5-ASA treatment. The animals in the PQP and 5-ASA treatment groups were injected with paraquat at 20 mg/kg into the left abdominal cavity for construction of the PQP model and those in the blank and 5-ASA control groups with isotonic saline at 1 mL. At 2 hours after modeling, the rats in the 5-ASA control and 5-ASA treatment groups received gavage of 5-ASA 75 at mg/kg for 3 successive days. At 1 and 3 days after observation, all the rats were sacrificed and the lower lobe of the right lung harvested for HE staining and observation of pathologic changes in the lung tissue. Meanwhile the left lung tissue was collected for determination of the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins by Western blot.ResultsBehavioral changes were observed in the rats of the PQP and 5-ASA treatment groups, but less obvious in the latter. The alveolar wall capillaries of the rats in the PQP group were expanded and congested significantly, with widened alveolar septa and infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells at 1 and 3 days, even severer at 3 days. The rats of the 5-ASA treatment group showed obviously reduced edema and the inflammatory cell infiltration at the corresponding time points as compared the PQP group. The lung tissue pathology scores were significantly higher in the 5-ASA treatment and PQP groups than in the blank control at 1 day (0.66±0.10 and 0.61±0.04 vs 0.18±0.05, P<0.05) and at 3 days (0.74±0.08 and 0.49±0.08 vs 0.16±0.02, P<0.05), but markedly lower in the 5-ASA treatment than in the PQP group (P<0.05). Both the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins were remarkably higher in the 5-ASA control, PQP and 5-ASA treatment groups than in the blank control at 1 and 3 days (P<0.05), and so were they in the 5-ASA treatment than in the PQP group (P<0.05).Conclusion5-ASA can effectively reduce PQP-induced acute lung injury, which may be related to its up-regulation of the Nrf2 expression.